Resting in the Lord

"O Lord, my heart is not proud, nor my eyes haughty;
Nor do I involve myself in great matters,
Or in things too difficult for me.
Surely I have composed and quieted my soul;
Like a weaned child rests upon his mother,
My soul is like a weaned child within me.
O Israel, hope in the Lord
From this time forth and forever." - Psalm 131

What a picture David presents here in his psalm, likening himself, in his trust of the Lord, to an infant that has just nursed. The imagery is beautiful. There may be no sweeter sight in all the world than a baby that has just nursed and is lying against his mother, sleeping in perfect satisfaction and contentment, with not a care in the world. This is the satisfaction and contentment that David says he derives from his trust in the Lord.

Jesus taught that he who would enter the kingdom must do so as a little child, in total dependence upon the Lord. We're often afraid to do this, as we hate and fear giving up control of our lives and our desires to anyone. What a change it could make in our attitudes and our spiritual growth if we were to adopt David's attitude instead. God does not desire to rob us of anything (as if He could, given that all things belong to Him, including ourselves), rather, He desires that we should feed from Him and rest in Him. This is that one "needful thing" that, as Jesus said of Mary of Bethany, will not be taken from us should we choose it. Everything else is passing away, and one day even the memory of it will be gone. We are at our worst: our most sinful, confused, and frustrated, when we are consumed with worry and cares for the things of this life, with striving for this and that. True peace and holiness can only perfected in rest and childlike dependence upon the Lord.

"Do not love the world nor the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the boastful pride of life, is not from the Father, but is from the world. The world is passing away, and also its lusts; but the one who does the will of God lives forever." - 1 John 2:15-17 

"The grass withers, the flower fades, But the word of our God stands forever." - Isaiah 40:8 

“Come to Me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.” - Matthew 11:28-30

* Scriptures are from the New American Standard Bible 

Podcast - Is There Anyone Out There?

My inaugural podcast will deal with the following questions:

With regard to the recent discovers of liquid water on Mars and near-earth-sized exoplanets, are we really on the verge of discovering extraterrestrial life? If we do discover such life, what impact will that have on questions related to the existence of God and atheistic Darwinism? Would alien life prove that there is no God? What, if anything, does the Bible say about alien life? Is there any reason to believe that life can come from lifelessness?

Check out the program here:



Let me know what you think and if you would like me to address any specific issues in upcoming programs.

Music track: "Psalm 131," by Ron and Patti Valiant of scripturesongs.com. Check out their website for free music samples and products available for purchase. Also see godlychristianmusic.com for more by the Valiants and a host of other Christian artists.

Calvary at Cana

"On the third day, there was a wedding in Cana of Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there. Now both Jesus and His disciples were invited to the wedding. And when they ran out of wine, the mother of Jesus said to Him, 'They have no more wine.' Jesus said to her, 'Woman, what does your concern have to do with me? My hour has not yet come.'" - John 2:1-4

For as long as I can remember, I have puzzled over Jesus' statement to His mother at the wedding in Cana, where He performed His first public miracle: changing water into wine. I thought about it again recently while I was watching my favorite Bible film adaptation, "The Gospel of John". At first glance, the Lord's reply to His mother: "Woman, what does your concern have to do with me?" sounds rather disrespectful, and then He follows it with the cryptic statement: "My hour has not yet come." What is He saying here?

The Mission

First, while it may sound strange to us in our day, Jesus' referring to His mother as "Woman" was, apparently, not disrespectful in His culture, nor do I believe it was a rebuke as at least one well-known commentator has speculated. Jesus referred to Mary as "woman" again at His crucifixion (John 19:26), when there were no evident grounds for rebuke (indeed, He was seeing to her care at the time). He also addressed other women in this manner, including the woman at the well (John 4:21), a woman whom He healed of a painful spinal condition (Luke 13:12), and Mary Magdalene (His own disciple), when she was weeping in the garden on the morning of His resurrection (John 20:15). In the culture of the time, the use of "woman" was probably not unlike our use of the term "Ma'am," which can be used to show respect, or as a manner of addressing a woman whose name is not known, or where an acquaintance has not yet been made to the point of allowing for a more familiar manner of address.

The term could also be used as a formal manner of address on the part of one who speaks with authority. I believe that this is how Jesus used the term at least part of the time: when He was making a declaration based on His authority from the Father. This seems to be how He used it when He spoke to the woman at the well (answering her implied question about worship), and when He pronounced healing to the woman in Luke 13. In the instance where He assigned the care of His mother to the apostle John, it seems fitting that He was speaking as the legal heir of Joseph and head of his human family.

I believe that He is speaking from a position of authority at the wedding in Cana as well. The wedding was likely that of a near relative, possibly even one of Jesus' sisters, given that Mary had authority over the servants (v 5) and appealed to Jesus for help with entertaining the wedding guests. But Jesus' reply here shows that a change has taken place in their relationship. He has recently begun His public ministry as Messiah, having been "revealed" to Israel (through His disciples) by the baptism of John. One could say that He is a man with a mission now, and domestic affairs are not His primary concern. He is about his Father's business: the business of the Kingdom. In John chapter 4, He refers to this business of the Kingdom as being as essential to Him as food. Thus He answers Mary here, not as her son but from the position of Messiah. In this context, He treats Mary as He would any other woman, and addresses her as such. In effect, He is saying: "Woman, why is this of any concern to me, given the business my Father has sent me to do?"

Yet, having said this, Jesus went on to help with the situation anyway. Why? The answer is in verse 11, and is consistent with Jesus' reply to Mary:

"This beginning of signs Jesus did in Cana of Galilee, and manifested His glory; and His disciples believed in Him."

Performing this miracle turned out to be Kingdom business after all, for it strengthened the faith of Jesus' disciples, helping to affirm in their minds the truth of what John the Baptist had said about Him. Having seen this miracle, they had even greater reason to continue with Him.


The "Hour"

What, then, does Jesus mean when He says, "My hour has not yet come."?

I believe there was more to Mary's request than a concern for the happiness of the wedding guests that day in Cana. She knew who Jesus was, and I think it's likely that she was prompting Him to reveal Himself with a great, substantiating sign. All throughout His ministry, Jesus was constantly prompted for signs, including by people who had already seen Him perform miracles (see John 6:25-34). Satan prompted Him for a sign after his forty days of fasting in the wilderness: "If you are the Son of God, command that these stones be turned into bread." (Matthew 4:3). At the very end of life, while He was hanging  on the cross, He was still being goaded for a sign: "If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross!" (Matthew 27:40). Even His own brothers taunted Him along these lines:

"Now the Jews' Feast of Tabernacles was at hand. His brothers therefore said to him, 'Depart from here and go into Judea, that your disciples also may see the works that you are doing. For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly. If you do these things, show yourself to the world. For even his brothers did not believe in him.'" - John 7:2-5

Jesus' reply to them is interesting:

"Then Jesus said to them, 'My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready. The world cannot hate you, but it hates me because I testify of it that its works are evil. You go up to this feast. I am not yet going up to this feast, for my time has not yet fully come.'" - John 7:6-8

Again, Jesus says that His time has not yet come.

As we see demonstrated all throughout the gospels, Jesus never fully manifested Himself to the people at large. He revealed His identity very selectively, and only to single individuals or just a handful of people at a time. As far as the people at large were concerned, He spoke in parables and confusing figurative teachings that left even His own disciples scratching their heads. On a number of occasions He forbade people to talk openly about His miracles. The only recorded exception to this general pattern appears to have taken place at the Samaritan village of Sychar (see John chapter 4), where Jesus revealed His identity as the Messiah to a people who were also descended from Abraham, but whom the Jews despised as a whole.

Then, as now, the Jews were looking for a political/military Messiah, a great leader who would come on the scene, deliver Israel from her enemies, restore her independence and long-vanished national power, and usher in the era of eternal blessings that the Old Testament prophets had predicted. They did not realize that Messiah must first "suffer many things, and be rejected." The "hour" that Jesus' mother and disciples had in mind was His revelation in power: His coronation as King of the Jews. By contrast, however, the "hour" that Jesus had in mind was His being offered as the Lamb of God, the perfect, once-for-all sacrifice for sin.

"As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; that whoever believes in Him will have eternal life." - John 3:14 

"When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am He, and I do nothing of my own initiative, but I speak these things as the Father taught me." - John 8:28 

"Now the centurion, and those who were with him keeping guard over Jesus, when they saw the earthquake and the things that were happening, became very frightened and said, 'Truly this was the Son of God!'" - Matthew 27:54

"Men of Israel, listen to these words: Jesus the Nazarene, a man attested to you by God with miracles, and wonders, and signs, which God performed through Him in your midst, just as you yourselves know -- this man, delivered over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put Him to death...therefore, let all the house of Israel know for certain that God has made Him both Lord and Christ -- this Jesus whom you crucified. 

"Now when they heard this, they were pierced to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, 'Brethren, what shall we do?'" - Acts 2:22-23, 36-37

True to His word, it was after Jesus was lifted up that "all men" began to be drawn to Him, beginning with Peter's sermon in Acts, at which time the gospel began to spread exponentially, being preached in "Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth." Jesus was destined for glory, but it was the Father's glory that He sought first and foremost, not His own:

"'Now my soul has become troubled; and what shall I say, 'Father save me from this hour'? But for this purpose I came to this hour. Father, glorify your name.' Then a voice came out of heaven: 'I have both glorified it and will glorify it again.'" - John 12:27-28

Mary sought glory and recognition for her son, but she sought these things in accordance with human definitions -- just as His disciples did -- and did not then know what this would mean in terms of the plan that Jesus had come to fulfill. He did perform a miracle that day, and did receive glory from it, but He did so only in the Father's perfect timing. From the statement that Jesus made in John 8:28: "I do nothing of my own initiative" -- and similar statements recorded elsewhere, I can only conclude that Jesus answered Mary as He did because He had not received instruction from the Father to perform this miracle; and when He finally did it, it was because the Father had told Him to. It is impossible to rightly understand Jesus' ministry without first understanding that He was always in submission to the Father, always seeking the Father's will and glory. His own ultimate glorification only came when His obedience was complete -- after He had gone to the cross:

"Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus, who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross." - Philippians 2:5-8 

"Although He was a Son, He learned obedience from the things which He suffered. And having been made perfect, He became to all those who obey Him the source of eternal salvation." - Hebrews 5:8-9

Calvary at Cana

"Now there were six stone waterpots set there for the Jewish custom of purification, containing twenty or thirty gallons each." - John 2:6

It's interesting that this first public miracle Jesus did involved turning water into wine. Wine, of course, is a symbol of the blood of Christ, of "the new covenant in My blood" (Luke 22:20), "...which is poured out for many, for forgiveness of sins" (Matthew 26:28). Further, note that John tells us that the water that Jesus used for this miracle was set apart "for the Jewish custom of purification."

The Jews, particularly the religious leadership, had many physical purification rites that they engaged in and in which they took great pride. Yet, inwardly, they were full of hypocrisy and corruption, which Jesus called them on:

"Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you clean the outside of the cup and of the dish, but inside they are full of robbery and self-indulgence. You blind Pharisee, first clean the inside of the cup and of the dish, so that the outside of it may become clean also." - Matthew 23:25-26

While the religious Jews placed much emphasis on external purification, Jesus placed emphasis on inner purification, an internal cleansing made possibly only by the new birth (John 3), which, in turn, is made possible by the shed blood of God's perfect Lamb who "carries away the sins of the world." Thus, at Cana, Jesus took water: a means of external, physical cleansing, and transformed it into wine: a symbol of His blood, through which we are granted internal, spiritual cleansing. The first sign He performed publicly at the beginning of His ministry foreshadowed the last act He would perform publicly in that same ministry: the offering of Himself at the appointed hour, in the very "fullness of time." It was a far cry from what His mother, or anyone else, expected, but it was in perfect submission to the will of the Father; and by His obedience He purchased our redemption:

"For as through the one man's [Adam's] disobedience, the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the One [Christ] the many will be made righteous." - Romans 5:19

Conclusion

John's account of the wedding at Cana offers us so much more than the story of Jesus' first public miracle. There are treasures buried here that illustrate His entire ministry, the purpose for which He came, and the example He set for us in His perfect submission to the Father's will. It provides a beautiful illustration of the means of our redemption, hidden as it were in plain sight.

Biblical Zeal or Religious Self-righteousness?

"For I testify about them that they have a zeal for God, but not in accordance with knowledge. For not knowing about God’s righteousness and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God." - Romans 10:2-3

I would define "zeal" as "enthusiastic commitment, demonstrating follow-through." Zeal can be a good thing, and certainly no better than when employed in the service of God. Such zeal is always discernible because, as Paul states above, it is focused on the righteousness of God. Godly zeal is inseparable from godly character, which will always exemplify the fruits of the Spirit, including mercy and sound-mindedness.

Zeal untempered by the righteous character of God will ultimately turn a person into a human wrecking ball: arrogant, close-minded, controlling, overly sensitive, "high and mighty," and merciless - all self-righteous sound and fury. In the church, it is exemplified by those who are always finding something to condemn, always ready to run someone off, always dogmatic and insisting that their standard is THE standard, always putting people into groups and assigning them labels, always laboring to establish their own righteousness - and blind as bats to their own arrogance and cruelty.

Be zealous, yes, but always in conjunction with the work of the Spirit, always in such a way as you are drawing people to Christ rather than chasing them from Him, always conscious that, thanks to fallen human nature, we can easily go to harmful extremes even with the best of intentions driving us, always mindful that we are fellow servants of one another under one Lord: redeemed from the same fate, cleansed with the same blood, sealed by the same Spirit, destined to stand before the same judgment seat, accountable to the same commandments.

There is a very fine line between contending for truth and mounting a witch hunt. That line is knowing the righteousness of God as opposed to establishing our own. May we be ever mindful of the distinction.

"This you know, my beloved brethren. But everyone must be quick to hear, slow to speak and slow to anger; for the anger of man does not achieve the righteousness of God." - James 1:19-20

* Scripture references are from the New American Standard Bible
* Image credit: www.wallpaperswide.com

Why the "Wages of Sin is Death"

"The soul who sins will die." - Ezekiel 18:4

"He who believes in the Son has eternal life, but he who does not obey the Son will not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him." - John 3:36

"For the wages of sin is death." - Romans 6:23

"For if you live according to the flesh, you must die..." - Romans 8:13


The Bible is clear that sin leads to death, and for this reason many people have come to think of Christianity as a morbid, bloody religion. Why did God command that animals be slain to provide sacrifices for sin in the Old Testament? Why did He require the cruel death of His own Son as an offering for sins in the New Testament? Why does God appear to be obsessed with death and bloodshed? Is He just cruel? Does He take pleasure in inflicting death?

The Bible never directly answers this question, but it does give us the answer through a number of related passages; and I believe that these clues line up with what must be logically true concerning the nature of God as well.

Consider the following passages:

"Then God said, 'Let us man make in our image, according to our likeness'..." - Genesis 1:26 

"In the beginning was the Word, and Word was with God, and the Word was God. All things were made through Him, and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being. In Him was life, and the life was the light of men." - John 1:1-4 

"For just as the Father has life in Himself, even so He gave to the Son also to have life in Himself..." - John 5:26 

"For the bread of God is that which comes out of heaven and gives life to the world." - John 6:33 

"Jesus said to him, 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life..." - John 14:6 

 "...even God who gives life to the dead and calls into being that which does not exist." - Romans 4:17

"For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved by His life." - Romans 5:10 

"For you have died and your life is hidden with Christ in God. When Christ, who is our life, is revealed, then you also will be revealed with Him in glory." - Colossians 3:4

"And He [Jesus] is the radiance of His [God the Father's] glory and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word of His power." - Hebrews 1:3 

"And the testimony is this, that God has given us life, and this life is in His Son. He who has the Son has the life; he who does not have the Son of God does not have the life." - 1 John 11-12

God is the source of everything that exists. Nothing that exists can do so apart from him, for as Hebrews 1:3 states, he actually sustains everything that exists by his own power. Nor is this simply a biblical teaching; it is actually a logical necessity:

God is a self-existent being; the only self-existent being, in fact. He has no cause, no beginning in time. He is also what we could call a necessary being. By contrast, everything else that exists--all of which He created--is contingent, or dependent, upon him for both initial existence and continued existence. Nothing came into existence without him, and nothing that exists can continue to exist without him. He is thus the source of all life, and nothing that is alive can continue to live without him. Note that Jesus said in John 5:26 (quoted previously) that the Father "has life in Him" (is self-existent, dependent upon nothing) and has granted that Christ should give life to all who believe in him. Further, note from the above-quoted scriptures that Christ himself is the believer's life.

Contrary to the implications of popular teachings, eternal life is not a possession, not something that a believer carries around with him like a library card or a driver's license; the believer's life is in the person of Jesus Christ, because it is His righteousness alone that appeases the justice of God toward us. This truth of life in Christ is referenced elsewhere as well:

"Just as the living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father, so the one who feeds on Me will live because of Me." - John 6:57 

"...because I live, you will live also." - John 14;19

Man is made in the image of God in that he is a self-aware, reasoning, emotional, willful, and moral being. In a limited sense, we are mirrors that reflect the being and character of God. Yet, because of the fall, man has marred the perfect image upon which he was based; he has "dirtied the mirror," so to speak, and tarnished the reflection of his creator, who is absolutely holy. God tolerates this for the time being because he has made a way of reconciliation and wants all to repent and come to him for life, but he will not continue to tolerate the situation forever. Eventually, those who have chosen rebellion, and who use their God-given abilities to do that which offends him and is contrary to his character, will face judgment, and the sentence will be death: eternal destruction in the Lake of Fire. He will no longer permit caricatures of his perfect, righteous image to go to and fro doing that which is completely contrary to him. This may be why David, following his adultery with Bathsheba and the murder of Uriah, prayed, "Against you, and you only, have I sinned."

To get an idea of how our sinfulness has corrupted the image of God, and may appear in his eyes, imagine for a moment that you are standing in front of a mirror. Now imagine that your reflection begins to take on a life of its own. Imagine that it mocks and curses you in your own voice, and begins to engage in things that you consider hideous and would never do. It would be like watching an evil twin of yourself. Surely, you would want to smash that mirror, or at least wipe it clean.

In a narrow sense, this is what we do to God in our fallen state. Our minds are based upon his mind, yet we take what is essentially his ability to reason and weigh moral choices and do that which he would not do, using the physical forms he has provided us to carry out what we first conceive in our minds. This must be horribly offensive to him, even painful. In his love and mercy, however, he has created a way in which to bring the reflection of himself that is man back into order through the Holy Spirit's work to bring us into conformity to the character of Christ (and thus the character of the Father himself); but if we refuse to be reconciled, he will ultimately smash the mirror rather than allowing the mockery and corruption of his image to continue.

And the result? We die, first temporarily, and afterward, forever. In the time of the resurrection and final judgment, he will wipe his creation clean of the corruption of his image, at the same time bringing an end to the pain and degradation that evil brings to the creation and all who inhabit it.

"For the anxious longing of the creation waits eagerly for the revealing of the sons of God. For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will also be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of childbirth until now." - Romans 8:19-22

Thus, the wages of sin--of corrupting the image of God--is death, deprivation of the life that comes from God, else God would end up sustaining the corruption of his own image and the tragedy and perversity that such corruption brings to everything and everyone in the whole of creation. We see this testified to a number of places in scripture, and in especially clear terms in Romans 8:

"Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. For the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and death. For what the law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did, sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, so that the requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit..If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin,yet the spirit is alive because of righteousness." - Romans 8:1-4, 10

Jesus Christ came as a human being, made in the same mortal image of God that became corrupted through Adam's fall, and although he committed no sin himself, took humanity's death sentence upon himself and canceled it out, imparting righteousness to all who obey the gospel. Since man had to die, Christ came as a man and died as a man; but he was also raised as a man, yet as one made perfect in his flesh. Those who believe in him will be raised in like manner as he was. In this way, Christ has become a "second Adam," the forerunner for all who follow him and bear his image, not in sin but in righteousness:

"Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men, because all sinned...So then as through one transgression there resulted condemnation to all men, evens so through one act of righteousness there resulted justification of life to all men. For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous." - Romans 5:12-13, 18

"For since by a man came death, by a man also came the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ will all be made alive...So also it is written, 'The first man, Adam, became a living soul. The last Adam became a life-giving spirit." - 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45

The resurrection is crucial in all of this: had Christ simply died, there would have been no atonement for sin, because death is the penalty for sin, not the remedy. Sin and death are both defeated in resurrection, restoration to life:

"...if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is vain, your faith also is vain...if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless; you are still in your sins." 

"The last enemy that will be abolished is death." 

"...but when this perishable will have put on the imperishable, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then will come about the saying that is written, 'Death is swallowed up in victory. O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?' The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law, but thanks be to God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ." - 1 Corinthians 15:14, 17, 26, 54-57

We see this referenced elsewhere as well, including, I believe, in Matthew 16:18, where Jesus says:"Upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell will not prevail against it." 

There are two Greek words that are translated "hell" in the New Testament: hades, which is the Greek equivalent of the OT Hebrew term sheol, meaning the grave (used in Matthew 16:18), and gehenna, which is the term Jesus used in his warnings about eternal judgment. Jesus' statement in Matthew 16 is often thought of as a declaration that Satan and his kingdom will not defeat Christ's church, but I believe it is more likely a statement that death will not overcome it due to the resurrection to eternal life. The power of death will not restrain those who believe in Christ, because it could not restrain him, and the "second death" will not touch believers at all:

"But God raised Him [Jesus] up again, putting an end to the agony of death, since it was impossible for Him to be held in its power...the patriarch David...was a prophet and knew that God had sworn to him with an oath to seat one of his descendants on his throne, he looked ahead and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that He was neither abandoned to Hades, nor did His flesh suffer decay." - Acts 2:24, 30-31

"I was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of death and of Hades." - Revelation 1:18 

"He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. He who overcomes will not be hurt by the second death." - Revelation 2:11 

"Then death and Hades were thrown into the Lake of Fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire." - Revelation 20:14

Man finds eternal life only in Christ, in whom "all the fullness of Deity dwells in bodily form" (Colossians 2:9). Through the Son's atonement, we are reconciled to the Father; the "image" is put right in that God imparts his own righteousness to us. It's especially interesting to consider here that Christ was physically maimed and abused rather than dying a quick, clean death. Isaiah 52:14 tells us that this was maiming was severe: "Just as many were astonished at you, my people, so His appearance was marred more than any man, and His form than the sons of men." Thus Christ bore the sin-tarnished image of God in the cruel abuse of His own flesh.

The Old Testament animal sacrifices were a type of foreshadowing of this ultimate, once-for-all sacrifice, and were employed not because God enjoys bloodshed, but as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the costliness of its remedy (the animals were slain mercifully in comparison to how God chose to offer up his own Son). Burning the sacrifice appears to have been a picture of the ultimate destruction of the wicked in Gehenna; God lit the first sacrificial fire himself (Leviticus 9:24) and the fire was to be kept burning (Leviticus 6:9, 12-13), just as Gehenna is described as an "eternal fire" (Matthew 25:41; Jude 1:7) that is kindled by God himself and cannot be quenched by man but will burn until it has entirely consumed those who are cast into it.

On that last point, I should note that God's work to restore his corrupted image in man through Jesus Christ presents a strong challenge to the common teaching that those who are cast into Gehenna will be tormented for eternity rather than being utterly destroyed, as the Bible repeatedly states (see Matthew 10:28, Philippians 3:19, and James 4:12 among other passages). Those who uphold this teaching are so focused on conveying God's wrath against sin that they have, I believe, overlooked the fact that, for God to punish people endlessly, he would have to actively preserve the corruption of his image for all of eternity. Not only would he be preserving that corruption of his image, he would be forever pouring out his wrath against it, causing it to twist and writhe in his sight and hearing it curse him for endless ages.

This hardly sounds compatible with the glorious future described by the apostle Paul in which God will be "all in all."

For He must reign until He has put all His enemies under His feet. The last enemy that will be abolished is death. For He has put all things in subjection under His feet...But when all things are subjected to Him, then the Son Himself also will be subjected to the One who subjected all things to Him, so that God may be all in all. -- I Corinthians 15:25-28

By their very nature, rebels refuse to be subject to authority. A universe in which "all things" are in subjection to God must therefore be a universe in which all rebellion has ceased. Now, one may punish a rebel, but does punishing him (even continually punishing him) eliminate his rebellion? If the rebel will not be reconciled, the only way to end his rebellion is to execute him. Thus, "the soul that sins" must die.

It is often argued that the "death" referred to in reference to the ultimate fate of the wicked in Gehenna is not true death, but rather, is metaphorically called "death" because it is a state that is so horrible that it lacks any quality of life; but note in the above-cited passage that Paul tells us that death itself is an "enemy" that will ultimately be "abolished." The eternal, conscious torment view has a problem here, for Paul tells us that death will ultimately be done away with. If then the fate of the wicked in Gehenna is, as we're often told, a state of 'living death,' that state must at some point come to an end and, therefore, cannot be truly eternal. If, on the other hand, "death" means the actual cessation of life, the text makes perfect sense in conjunction with other passages that tell us that the wicked will be punished with eternal destruction; for when the last of the wicked has perished, then death itself will be at an end. All rebellion will have been forever suppressed. The corrupted image of God will have been redeemed.

Conclusion

It's my prayer that the thoughts and scriptures shared here have helped to demonstrate why the "wages" of sin is naturally death, as apart from any cruelty in God's character. As the source and sustainer of all life, God cannot allow evil to exist indefinitely and still remain true to his own nature. Yet, while he had the right to do away with all of humanity, in his mercy God chose to offer reconciliation. Yes, "the wages of sin is death," but thanks be to God that the scripture does not stop there:

"...but the gift of God is eternal life, through Jesus Christ our Lord."



* All scripture quotations cited here are from the King James Version, the English Standard Version, or the New American Standard Bible.
* Image credit: Brian Norcross/Stockvault.net